CReSS02 and CReSS04 data are high-resolution datasets focusing on typhoons that can affect Japan. The dynamical downscaling (DDS) experiments were performed by the Earth Simulator using a high-resolution non-hydrostatic regional model (Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator, CReSS; Tsuboki and Sakakibara 2002) developed at Nagoya University, with horizontal resolutions of approximately 4 km (CReSS04) and 2 km (CReSS02).

(a) CReSS02

The initial and boundary conditions were provided from the output calculated by the Meteorological Research Institute using an atmospheric general circulation model with a horizontal resolution of 20km (MRI-AGCM3.2S, Mizuta et al., 2012). The results of climate runs for the present-day climate (1979-2003), the near-future climate (2015-2039), and the future climate (2075-2099) were used. The targets of the DDS experiment were those in which the minimum central pressure not greater than 970 hPa, which was located in the region between 120°E–150°E 15°N–45°N. The CReSS02 uses latitude and longitude coordinates, with 2403 grids in the longitude direction and 2051 in the latitude direction. The horizontal resolution is 0.0186 and 0.0181 degrees in the longitude and latitude directions, respectively.

(b) CReSS04

Dynamical downscaling experiments of TCs traveling over the sea east of Japan were performed by using the Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change (d4PDF) database (Mizuta et al. 2017, Sasaki et al. 2011). All TCs that made landfall in eastern Hokkaido in northern Japan from the western North Pacific Ocean with no previous landfalls were selected from the 3,000 years of current-climate (1950-2011, 50 members) and 5,400 years of 4-K warming-climate (2051-2111, 90 members) runs, respectively (MRI-AGCM3.2H). The DDS experiments for all targeted storms were conducted with CReSS with a horizontal resolution of 0.04° (approximately 4 km). The computational domain of CReSS04 spans 128°E–152°E and 24°N–48°N. The CReSS04 uses latitude and longitude coordinates, with 603 grids in the longitude direction and 603 in the latitude direction.

The CReSS02 and CReSS04 datasets contain the following files and variables. 1) Two dimensional surface data 2) Geographical data ( "_geography") 3) User namelist (".user.conf") 1) and 2) are 4byte binary (big endian) data files with corresponding Grads ctl files. The extension ".bin" is for the data file and ".ctl" is for the Grads ctl file. 1) Two dimensional surface data Time intervals: 1 hour (CReSS04) and 15 minutes (CReSS02) Variables: slp sea level pressure Pa us velocity in lon direction at 10m m/s vs velocity in lat direction at 10m m/s tgs soil and sea surface temperature K prr rain fall rate m/s pra accumulated rain fall m File names: (CReSS02) Present-day climate: sfc.spaXXX_TID_YYYYv343f.mon_YYYY_MO_DD_HHMMUTC.united.bin Near-future climate: sfc.snaXXX_TID_YYYYv343f.mon_YYYY_MO_DD_HHMMUTC.united.bin Future: sfc.sfaXXX_TID_YYYYv343f.mon_YYYY_MO_DD_HHMMUTC.united.bin XXX: Experiment ID TID: Typhoon ID in MRI-AGCM3.2S YYYY: Year MO: Month DD_HHMM: Day, hour, and minutes (CReSS04) Current-climate: sfc.HPB_EM_TID.mon_YYYY_MO_DD_HHMMUTC.united.bin 4-K warming-climate: sfc.XX_EM_TID.mon_YYYY_MO_DD_HHMMUTC.united.bin TID: Typhoon ID in MRI-AGCM3.2H EM: Ensemble number in MRI-AGCM3.2H YYYY: Year MO: Month DD_HHMM: Day, hour, and minutes XX: SST patterns (CC: CCSM4、GF=GFDL-CM3、HA=HadGEM2-AO、MI=MIROC5、MP=MPI-ESM-MR、MR=MRI-CGCM3) 2) Geographical data ht terrain height alat latitude alon longitude map map scale factor fs Coriolis parameter land real land use categories (sea: -1, land: 10)

Data Polilcy:

1. Individual users should not redistribute the data to any third party.

2. The source of the database should be acknowledged in scientific and technical papers, publications, press releases and other communications in case of using the data.

Disclaimer:

The intellectual property rights of the dataset belong exclusively to Nagoya university. Nagoya university and anyone, including the creator (and all individuals and organizations involved in the creation of this dataset), are not responsible for any damage that may result from the use of this dataset.

CReSS02:

This study used data produced with the 2017 Earth Simulator Strategic Project with Special Support and the Program for Risk Information on Climate Change (SOUSEI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

CReSS04:

This work was supported by the Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU) Grant Number JPMXD0717935561 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Numerical simulations were performed using the Earth Simulator at Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).